In 1917, Freud began searching for the seeds of depression in a
landmark essay, "Mourning and Melancholia," which distinguished
between normal grieving at the loss of a loved one and a sustained
sickness in which anger at the loved one is redirected toward the
Self. Thirty years later, John Bowlby observed the pain of children
separated from their mothers and developed his "attachment theory,"
which held that the loss of the affectionate infant-mother
the relationship is the cause of most adult mental illness.
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